Air Conditioner: Working Principle, Types, and Buying Guide

 

In today’s world, an Air Conditioner is no longer a luxury—it has become a necessity. With rising global temperatures and humid climates, especially in countries like Bangladesh, air conditioning systems play a vital role in ensuring comfort at home, in offices, and in commercial spaces. Understanding how an air conditioner works, the different types available, and what factors to consider before buying one can help you make a smart decision.

How Does an Air Conditioner Work?

At its core, an Air Conditioner system operates on the principle of refrigeration. The process involves four main components:

• Compressor – Compresses the refrigerant gas and raises its pressure.

• Condenser – Releases heat from the refrigerant and turns it into liquid.

• Expansion Valve (Metering Device) – Controls the flow of refrigerant into the evaporator.

• Evaporator – Absorbs heat from indoor air, cooling the room.

The cycle is simple: the refrigerant absorbs heat from inside your room, carries it outside, and releases it. What you feel indoors is not “cold air being produced,” but rather warm air being removed.

Types of Air Conditioners

There are several types of air conditioners, each designed for specific needs:

• Window AC – Compact units installed in windows; ideal for small rooms.

• Split AC – Consists of an indoor and outdoor unit; popular for homes and offices.

• Portable AC – Mobile units that can be moved from room to room.

• Central AC – Large systems used in commercial buildings for cooling multiple rooms.

• Inverter AC – Uses advanced technology to adjust compressor speed, saving energy.

Benefits of Using an Air Conditioner

• Comfort – Keeps indoor temperatures pleasant during hot summers.

• Humidity Control – Reduces excess moisture in the air, preventing mold growth.

• Better Sleep – A cool environment helps improve sleep quality.

• Air Quality – Modern ACs come with filters that trap dust and allergens.

• Energy Efficiency – Inverter ACs consume less electricity compared to traditional models.

Common Problems with Air Conditioners

Like any appliance, an Air Conditioner can face issues if not maintained properly:

• Frozen Coil – Caused by dirty filters or refrigerant leaks.

• Weak Airflow – Often due to clogged filters or blocked ducts.

• Water Leakage – Results from a blocked drainage system.

• Unusual Noise – Indicates loose parts or motor problems.

• High Electricity Bills – Usually linked to inefficient or old AC units.

Regular servicing and timely repairs can prevent these problems and extend the life of your AC.

Air Conditioner Price in Bangladesh

Prices of air conditioners in Bangladesh vary depending on brand, tonnage (1 Ton, 1.5 Ton, 2 Ton), and features. For example:

• Budget Models – Non‑inverter window or split ACs are more affordable.

• Mid‑Range Models – Inverter ACs with energy‑saving features.

• Premium Models – Smart ACs with Wi‑Fi control, advanced filters, and humidity control.

Brands like Samsung, LG, Walton, Gree, General, Panasonic, and Hisense are widely available in Bangladesh. Most retailers, including Techland BD, offer official warranty, after‑sales support, and nationwide delivery.

Buying Guide: How to Choose the Right Air Conditioner

When selecting an AC, consider the following factors:

• Room Size – A 1 Ton AC is suitable for small rooms, while 1.5–2 Ton units are better for larger spaces.

• Energy Efficiency – Look for inverter technology and higher star ratings to save electricity.

• Budget – Balance between upfront cost and long‑term savings on electricity bills.

• Features – Timer, remote control, humidity control, and smart connectivity add convenience.

• Brand Reliability – Choose trusted brands with good service networks.

Maintenance Tips for Air Conditioners

To keep your Air Conditioner running smoothly:

• Clean or replace air filters every 1–2 months.

• Schedule professional servicing at least once a year.

• Ensure proper ventilation around the outdoor unit.

• Check refrigerant levels regularly.

• Avoid overusing the AC at extreme settings.

Conclusion

An Air Conditioner is more than just a cooling machine—it’s an investment in comfort, health, and productivity. Whether you opt for a budget‑friendly non‑inverter model or a premium smart AC, understanding the working principle, types, and maintenance needs will help you make the right choice. In Bangladesh, with trusted brands and competitive prices, finding the perfect AC for your home or office has never been easier.